- English
- বাংলা
Table of Contents
This is an old revision of the document!
5. Universal database
I am not talking about UDB, but about the databases containing all information of the universe.
“You can discover traces of the history of astronomy scattered in the names of the objects astronomers discuss – a history that starts with the mythological interpretation of the sky echoed in constellation names, and that continues to an era when comets are named after spacecraft and quasars after radio telescopes.” — Chromey
1. Naming stars
The Iranian astronomer Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi (903–86) gave proper names in Arabic to almost a thousand stars listed within the 48 ancient constellations formalized by Ptolemy. The list was given in the famous book titled The Book of Fixed Stars. Many modern English names are derived from the al-Sufi names. A very well-known example is Betelgeuse (Yad al-Jawzā). Many of these names can be found in this list.
Many of the al-Sufi names are derived from ancient Greek, and some of the modern English names also come directly from Greek without the intervention of al-Sufi. And astronomers continue to give proper names to some very prominent astronomical objects even though the professional trend is to use not the proper names but the official astronomical designations.
Johann Bayer, in his Uranometria (1603), again gave standard names of all the 777 stars found in the catalog of Tycho Brahe. He followed al-Sufi for the bright stars, but many of the faint ones did not have a proper name. So Bayer invented a naming system where each star is named after its constellation preceded by a Greek letter giving its relative brightness in the constellation. So the brightest star in the Orion constellation is Alpha Orionis ($\alpha$ Ori), the second brightest one is Beta Orionis, and so on. Note that the genitive of the constellation is used, not the name; Orionis, not Orion. So the brightest star in our sky, Sirius, has the Bayer designation Alpha Canis Majoris which is also written, in short, as $\alpha$ CMa.
The constellations had a long and complex history. In 1920, International Astronomical Union defined the boundaries of 88 standard constellations thus dividing the sky into 88 countries., as shown below.