un:solar-system
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| un:solar-system [2024/10/03 10:43] – asad | un:solar-system [2025/06/04 04:50] (current) – [1. Planets] asad | ||
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| - | ====== Solar System | + | ====== Solar system |
| - | The solar system consists of the sun and all the objects under its gravity. There are eight planets, dozens of dwarf planets, hundreds of moons, asteroids, and comets. Each planet in this system is unique, with many variations in asteroids and comets. The entire system is again surrounded by a huge Oort cloud made up of billions of ice pieces. But looming over all diversity is the underlying order of the solar system. Most of it revolves around the Sun in a thin disk in roughly the same direction. For those who have revolution as well as rotation, the direction of both motions is the same. This order suggests how our system was born from a giant cloud of gas and dust four and a half billion years ago. Traces of that cloud' | + | The solar system consists of the sun and all the objects under its gravity. There are eight planets, dozens of dwarf planets, hundreds of moons, asteroids, and comets. Each planet in this system is unique, with many more variations in asteroids and comets. The entire system is again surrounded by a huge Oort cloud made up of billions of ice pieces. But looming over all diversity is the underlying order of the solar system. Most of it revolves around the Sun in a thin disk in roughly the same direction. For those who have revolution as well as rotation, the direction of both motions is the same. This order suggests how our system was born from a giant cloud of gas and dust four and a half billion years ago. Traces of that cloud' |
| Near the center of the solar system is the sun, which is 700 times more massive than everything else in the system combined. Our star is essentially a ball of gas made up of 71% hydrogen and 27% helium. But it also contains all other chemical elements in small amounts in gaseous state. | Near the center of the solar system is the sun, which is 700 times more massive than everything else in the system combined. Our star is essentially a ball of gas made up of 71% hydrogen and 27% helium. But it also contains all other chemical elements in small amounts in gaseous state. | ||
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| The Sun's solar wind, however, cannot reach the Oort cloud, the boundary where it stops due to the pressure of the interstellar wind after crossing the Kuiper Belt is called the heliopause. Just before the heliopause, the collision of the solar and stellar winds creates a bow shock as the Sun moves around the center of the Milky Way, shown in the lower left corner of the figure above. This is the extent of our **heliosphere**. | The Sun's solar wind, however, cannot reach the Oort cloud, the boundary where it stops due to the pressure of the interstellar wind after crossing the Kuiper Belt is called the heliopause. Just before the heliopause, the collision of the solar and stellar winds creates a bow shock as the Sun moves around the center of the Milky Way, shown in the lower left corner of the figure above. This is the extent of our **heliosphere**. | ||
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| + | ===== - Planets ===== | ||
| + | Distance from the sun is in astronomical unit (AU), mass is in $10^{24}$ kg, density in g cm$^{-3}$, and the temperatures ($T$) in kelvin (K). | ||
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| + | ^ Name ^ Distance ^ Moons ^ Mass ^ Density ^ Observed $T$ ^ Predicted $T$ ^ | ||
| + | | Mercury | 0.39 | 0 | 0.33 | 5.4 | 100--725 | 451 | | ||
| + | | Venus | 0.72 | 0 | 4.87 | 5.2 | 733 | 260 | | ||
| + | | Earth | 1.00 | 1 | 5.97 | 5.5 | 288 | 255 | | ||
| + | | Mars | 1.52 | 2 | 0.64 | 3.9 | 215 | 222 | | ||
| + | | Jupiter | 5.20 | 63 | 1898.6 | 1.3 | 124 | 104 | | ||
| + | | Saturn | 9.54 | 56 | 568.5 | 0.69 | 95 | 79 | | ||
| + | | Uranus | 19.2 | 27 | 86.8 | 1.32 | 59 | 58 | | ||
| + | | Neptune | 30.1 | 13 | 102.4 | 1.64 | 59 | 55 | | ||
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un/solar-system.1727973825.txt.gz · Last modified: by asad