1. Model planetary interiors using measurements of mass, moment of inertia, $J_2$, and $\Lambda$.
2. Examine available data on the interiors of the solar system planets.
3. Plot Earth’s density profile using seismic information and the Williams-Adams algorithm.
4. Derive an equation to estimate a planet’s internal temperature from its radius, density, and heat capacity.
5. Use dimensional analysis to determine the region of the lithosphere from which heat escapes.
6. Explain why Earth remains hot and tectonically active using results from learning goals 4 and 5.

Analyzing public data from space telescopes to detect exoplanets.

1. Stephen Eales, Planets and Planetary Systems, Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.
2. Lissauer and de Pater, Fundamental Planetary Science, Cambridge UP, 2019.
3. Frontiers of Astrobiology, edited by C. Impey et al., Cambridge University Press, 2012.
4. Donald Goldsmith, Exoplanets: Hidden Worlds and the Quest for Extraterrestrial Life, Harvard University Press, 2018.